For decades, confusion has abounded over the proper operation of aircraft under 14 C.F.R. Part 91 and improperly structured flight operations that violate 14 C.F.R. Parts 119 and 135. The author’s first article on this topic was: Alan Armstrong, Navigating in the Zone of Confusion – Reflections on Illegal Air Taxi Operations, 21 Transp. L. J. (1993), which included a survey of case law and regulatory guidance on this subject that was available at that time.
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